AMUKKARË
(Root) - ܺ‚èó£
Amukkar¡ is the dried root of Withania somnifera
(L.) Dunal Syn. Physalis
somnifera L., P. flexuosa L., P. arborescense
DC. (Fam. Solanaceae), a perennial shrub, found
in waste land, cultivated fields and open grounds throughout India. It is also
cultivated in certain areas of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Roots are
collected in winter, washed and cut into small pieces.The dried root is
subjected to purification process before use.
It grows in Mullai and Marutham thi¸ai.
SYNONYMS
Tamil : Acuvakanthi (ܲõè‰F), Amukkar¡
Ki¾a´ku (ܺ‚èó£ Aöƒ°)
Assamese : Ashvagandha
Bengali : Ashvagandha
Gujrati : Asgandha
Hindi : Asgandh
Kannada : Angarberu,
Hiremaddina- gida
Kashmiri : Asagandh
Malayalam : Amukkuram
Marathi : Asagandha,
Askagandha
Oriya : Aswagandha
Punjabi : Asgandh
Sanskrit : Asvagandha,
Hayagandha, Vajigandha
Telugu : Pennerugadda
Urdu : Asgand
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Roots straight, unbranched, thickness
varying with age, roots bear fibre-like secondary roots, outer surface buff to
grey-yellow with longitudinal wrinkles; crown consists of remains of variously
thickened stem bases; fracture short and uneven; odour characteristic; taste
bitter and acrid.
b) Microscopic
Transverse section of root shows cork
exfoliated or crushed; when present rectangular, radially flattened and non-lignified; cork cambium 2 to 4 diffused rows
of cells; secondary cortex about twenty layers of compact parenchymatous cells
mostly filled with starch grains; phloem consists of sieve tubes, companion
cells, phloem parenchyma; cambium 4 or 5 rows of tangentially elongated cells;
xylem hard forming a closed vascular ring separated by multiseriate medullary
rays.
Powder:
Yellowish grey; shows cork cells, parenchyma
cells, tracheids, vessels, fibres and starch grains.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2
per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 7
per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not
less than 15 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not
less than 27 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
ASSAY
HPLC
conditions for the separation of
withaferin A in Alcohol extract.
Mobile
phase : n- Hexane: Isopropanol (9:1)
Flow
rate : 0.2 ml./min.
Column : Porasil
A coiled column (1.2ft. x 1/8 inch)
Detector : UV
at 225 nm
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of
Petroleum ether soluble fraction of Alcohol extract on an aluminium plate precoated with silica gel 60 F254
(E.Merck) 0.2 mm. thickness using Petroleum ether (80 -100° C): Chloroform
(1:1) spraying with 10% Methanolic
Sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate for ten minutes at 105ºC shows two
spots at Rf. 0.17 (violet) and 0.92 (greyish brown).
CONSTITUENTS
Withanolides- withaferin A,
withanone, withanolides I, II, III, III A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M,
WS-I, P and S, withasomidienone, cuscohygrine, anahygrine, tropine,
pseudotropine, anaferine, isopellatierine, 3- tropyltigloate.
PROPERTIES
AND ACTIONS
Cuvai
: Kaippu
(¬èŠ¹)
Gu¸am
: Ilaku (Þô°)
V¢rium
: Veppam (ªõŠð‹)
Pirivu
: K¡rppu
(裘Š¹)
Ceykai
: ˸maiperukki
(݇¬ñªð¼‚A),
Ci¼un¢rperukki (CÁc˜ªð¼‚A), K¡yaka¼pam¡kki (è£òèŸðñ£‚A), U¼akkamu¸·¡kki (àø‚躇죂A), Uram¡kki (àóñ£‚A), U·alveppaka¼¼i (à왪õŠðèŸP), U·a¼t®¼¼i (à쟫îŸP), V¢kkamurukki (i‚躼‚A)
IMPORTANT
FORMULATIONS
Amukkar¡c C£ra¸am (ܺ‚èó£„ Åóí‹),
Iracakanthi Me¾uku (Þóêè‰F ªñ¿°), I·ivall¡thi Me¾uku (Þ®õ™ô£F
ªñ¿°), Kantaka Irac¡yaºam (è‰îè Þóê£òù‹), Mak¡ Ól¡thi
Ku½ikai (ñè£ ãô£F °O¬è),
Mak¡vall¡ti I½akam (ñè£õ™ô£F Þ÷è‹), Nanthi Me¾uku (ï‰F
ªñ¿°), N¡rathtai I½akam (ï£óˆ¬î Þ÷è‹),
Pa¼a´kippa··ai Irac¡yaºam (ðøƒAŠð†¬ì
Þóê£òù‹)
THERAPEUTIC
USES
PAIN,, FEVER,ECZEMA,VATHA DISEASES,SEXUAL PROBLEMS
DOSE
-
Powder 3 - 6 g
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